{"id":2280,"date":"2024-08-10T12:41:52","date_gmt":"2024-08-10T12:41:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/?p=2280"},"modified":"2024-08-10T12:41:52","modified_gmt":"2024-08-10T12:41:52","slug":"pcb-testability-design-guidelines-and-rules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/huong-dan-va-quy-tac-thiet-ke-kha-nang-kiem-tra-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra (DFT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i<\/strong> trong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). DFT hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho <strong>qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang <strong>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ICT ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 bay, v\u00e0 theo sau <strong>th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi DFM v\u00e0 DFT. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a DFT, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc DFT c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 50 mil \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1ebft h\u00e0n, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf 100 mil \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e9p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra ri\u00eang cho m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra ICT \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t PCB.<\/li>\n<li>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n<li>DFT cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra PCB<\/h2>\n<div class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"position: relative; width: 100%; height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.25%; margin-bottom:20px;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Z9nycymUd-I\" title=\"Tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t video YouTube\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, <strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra PCB<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 <strong>c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho <strong>thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>, xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (CM). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n <strong>ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/strong> V\u00e0 <strong>c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ed7i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau <strong>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chung. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c <strong>th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m PCB<\/strong>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2>Ki\u1ec3m tra ICT v\u00e0 th\u0103m d\u00f2 bay<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/testing_with_ict_equipment.jpg\" alt=\"th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ict\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ea1ch (ICT) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u d\u00f2 bay, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra ICT l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch, thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ICT y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch analog\/digital.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 bay ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p do t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bo m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ICT, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 bay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">CNTT<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\u0110\u1ea7u d\u00f2 bay<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p\/Nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">CNTT<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng (DFT), \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFT, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (CM) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a DFM v\u00e0 DFT<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/design_for_manufacturability_and_design_for_testability.jpg\" alt=\"thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p <strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFM v\u00e0 DFT<\/strong>. Nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i <strong>quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB).<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFT r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho <strong>l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 <strong>y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c thi <strong>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a DFT<\/strong> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. <strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan<\/strong> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm trong <strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/optimizing_pcb_test_processes.jpg\" alt=\"t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pcb\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> v\u00e0o b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra (DFT) cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i<\/strong> trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m <strong>l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed<\/strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t cho ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p>Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DFT h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a DFT<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/dft_guidelines_and_principles.jpg\" alt=\"h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc dft\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n <strong>Quy t\u1eafc DFT<\/strong> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>. Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u <strong>Kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf 50 tri\u1ec7u<\/strong> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 <strong>Kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf 100 tri\u1ec7u<\/strong> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e9p b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m tra. Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (CM) cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi <strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra CNTT<\/strong> \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a PCB, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103m d\u00f2<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chung.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra (DFT) xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, <strong>tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/strong>v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 <strong>t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFT l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ed7i<\/strong> v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhanh.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc PCB trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai <strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PCB<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 0,5 mm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i <strong>th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 bay<\/strong>. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m 30% v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng 25% v\u1ec1 <strong>\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 PCB trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e8n LED v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Trong mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a <strong>thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp, tri\u1ec3n khai <strong>ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u00e9t ranh gi\u1edbi<\/strong>, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb JTAG<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p <strong>t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/strong> v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Theo \u0111u\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2279,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-electronic-testability-solutions"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/testability_guidelines_for_designs.jpg",1006,575,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/testability_guidelines_for_designs-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/testability_guidelines_for_designs-300x171.jpg",300,171,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/testability_guidelines_for_designs-768x439.jpg",768,439,true],"large":["https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/testability_guidelines_for_designs.jpg",1006,575,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/testability_guidelines_for_designs.jpg",1006,575,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/testability_guidelines_for_designs.jpg",1006,575,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/testability_guidelines_for_designs.jpg",18,10,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Ben Lau","author_link":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/author\/wsbpmbzuog4q\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Pursuing optimal printed circuit board design&#44; uncover the essential guidelines and rules that ensure seamless fault detection and isolation.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2280"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2509,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2280\/revisions\/2509"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}