{"id":2267,"date":"2024-08-08T12:41:52","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T12:41:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/?p=2267"},"modified":"2024-08-08T12:41:52","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T12:41:52","slug":"pcb-design-for-testability-best-practices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/thiet-ke-pcb-cho-kha-nang-kiem-tra-thuc-hanh-tot-nhat\/","title":{"rendered":"10 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, s\u1edbm <strong>ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/strong>v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>, duy tr\u00ec th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao <strong>ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m CNTT tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi m\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li>Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed PCB duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103m d\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ICT tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u01b0\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFT.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi bao ph\u1ee7 l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m CNTT, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n<div class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"position: relative; width: 100%; height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.25%; margin-bottom:20px;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MgCFUO2BrkQ\" title=\"Tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t video YouTube\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (DFT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra <strong>c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/strong>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DFT, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho <strong>c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong>, bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho ph\u00e9p <strong>ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t<\/strong> s\u1edbm trong chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<p>DFT hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i <strong>c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ed7i nhanh<\/strong>&#44; <strong>gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c<\/strong> c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c <strong>l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c PCB \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/optimizing_testability_in_pcbs.jpg\" alt=\"t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra trong pcbs\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tr\u1ee3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c PCB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1i \u0111a, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/strong>: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c PCB v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m CNTT tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong>: Duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 50 mil gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng<\/strong>: Duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 100 mil gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103m d\u00f2<\/strong>: \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103m d\u00f2 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/strategic_test_point_placement.jpg\" alt=\"v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean PCB, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra. <strong>ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 <strong>y\u00eau c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>. <strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o <strong>th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/strong> trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u <strong>chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/optimizing_design_for_manufacturing.jpg\" alt=\"t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c PCB cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m CNTT tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi m\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (CM) ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m CNTT, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a PCB \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 50 mil v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a DFT \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/strong>: C\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi CM \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m CNTT \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/optimizing_test_vector_efficiency.jpg\" alt=\"t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vector th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>Trong mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a <strong>thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o vect\u01a1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a <strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o vect\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra (DUT).<\/p>\n<p>Trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DUT v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng DUT.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/strong>, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/strong>, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o vector th\u00f4ng minh<\/strong>, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n<p><strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ed7i trong ki\u1ec3m tra PCB, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 PCB b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c vect\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m tra trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u00e9t ranh gi\u1edbi<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">N\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c n\u00fat n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vect\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ATPG<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m lai<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/complex_circuitry_design_simplified.jpg\" alt=\"thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>Chia c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng m\u00f4-\u0111un ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00f3a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: Cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1eabu Observer, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/optimizing_signal_routing_efficiency.jpg\" alt=\"t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o <strong>ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong>v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao <strong>hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u vi sai n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec <strong>t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong> trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n <strong>suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o <strong>k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. <strong>D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/strong> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u00e9o, mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y <strong>c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra, mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<h2>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra trong m\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/in_circuit_testing_design_process.jpg\" alt=\"trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ea1ch\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra trong m\u1ea1ch (ICT), ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>, V\u00e0 <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng CNTT v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ed7i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n sau, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c <strong>nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/strong> v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho CNTT th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ea1ch, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ki\u1ec3m tra CNTT, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf 50 mil \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 100 mil \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e9p bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c PCB, xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra theo c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ea1ch, <strong>x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho CNTT tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a <strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra CNTT<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh bo m\u1ea1ch, cho ph\u00e9p <strong>th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong> Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i <strong>thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb CNTT<\/strong>, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho ph\u00e9p nhanh ch\u00f3ng <strong>c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ed7i<\/strong> V\u00e0 <strong>g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i trong CNTT<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ea1ch, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ea1ch v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3m tra PCB hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong CNTT, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ch\u00e9o<\/strong>: Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac cua g\u1ea5p<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong, tr\u01a1n tru \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vias<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vias \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>: \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/increasing_test_coverage_effectiveness.jpg\" alt=\"t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bao ph\u1ee7 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 <strong>k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m CNTT<\/strong> tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o <strong>ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/strong> v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p <strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/strong>, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. <strong>ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/strong> v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103m d\u00f2 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng linh ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 <strong>PCB ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tung ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n<div class=\"body-image-wrapper\" style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pcb_test_design_optimization.jpg\" alt=\"t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m pcb\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9;\"><\/div>\n<p>Khi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng <strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng<\/strong>, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c PCB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1ed7i. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi bao ph\u1ee7 l\u1ed7i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh bo m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m ICT tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u01b0\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong>:K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ICT tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u01b0\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/strong>: L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra CNTT \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m CNTT \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a PCB, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean PCB m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi bao ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra CNTT<\/strong>, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a <strong>thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB<\/strong> cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i <strong>h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFM<\/strong>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean PCB, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh bo m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra CNTT c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi bao ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u00e3 <strong>m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/strong>, li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t, M\u1edf\/\u0110\u00f3ng, Thay th\u1ebf Liskov, Ph\u00e2n chia giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, <strong>h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>&#44; <strong>t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong>, V\u00e0 <strong>gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt DFT l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Trong khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt DFT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c PCB. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c <strong>\u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e9t ranh gi\u1edbi<\/strong>, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <strong>t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/strong> (BIST) kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc PCB trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 PCB trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <strong>v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in. Nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch ly v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n <strong>ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 DFT?<\/h3>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra (DFT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 <strong>ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DFT, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o <strong>s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/strong>, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai DFT hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u1ed7i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean gia khuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2266,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Lau","author_link":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/author\/wsbpmbzuog4q\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Fortify your PCB design with these expert-recommended strategies to minimize testing complexities and production downtime.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2267"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2507,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2267\/revisions\/2507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tryvary.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}